LLMs outplay classic strategies in Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma, revealing emergent strategic intelligence
Researchers ran evolutionary Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma tournaments pitting classic strategies against OpenAI, Google, and Anthropic LLMs. The models not only survived but often dominated, with Google’s Gemini acting ruthlessly, OpenAI’s ChatGPT staying cooperative, and Anthropic’s Claude forgiving even after exploitation. Their 32,000‑word rationales show they reason about future horizons and opponent tactics, evidencing emergent strategic intelligence.